As AI tools become more integral to modern applications, developers are increasingly looking for ways to integrate intelligent models into production systems without sacrificing maintainability or developer experience. Enter Spring AI — a lightweight yet flexible framework designed to bridge the gap between cutting-edge AI and the robust Spring ecosystem.

Whether you're building smart recommendation engines, image classifiers, or natural language apps, Spring AI aims to remove the glue code and let you focus on your core logic.

This post dives into what Spring AI offers, how to use it, and why it matters — from a developer’s perspective.

What is Spring AI?

Spring AI is an open-source project by the Spring team that simplifies the integration of AI models (like TensorFlow, ONNX, or OpenAI APIs) into Spring Boot applications.

Unlike traditional approaches that require custom pipelines and manual model handling, Spring AI offers:

Think of it as Spring Data — but for AI models.

Why Use Spring AI?

If you’ve ever tried to hook a machine learning model into a microservice, you know the pain: model loading, API wrapping, environment setup, concurrency management... Spring AI abstracts that complexity away.

It's ideal if you:

Let’s walk through the setup.

Project Setup

1. Add Dependencies

Update your pom.xml with the required dependencies. Here's an example using TensorFlow:

<dependencies>
  <!-- Spring AI Core -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-ai-core</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
  </dependency>

  <!-- TensorFlow runtime -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.tensorflow</groupId>
    <artifactId>tensorflow-core-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.10.0</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

Other providers like OpenAI, Hugging Face, and ONNX are also supported.

2. Configure Model Properties

In your application.properties, specify how and where to load the model:

# Local model path
spring.ai.tensorflow.model-path=classpath:models/my_model.pb

# Load type: FILE or URL
spring.ai.tensorflow.load-type=FILE

3. Bootstrap Spring AI

In your main application class, enable Spring AI:

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.ai.autoconfigure.EnableSpringAi;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableSpringAi
public class SpringAiDemoApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringAiDemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

Working with Models

Load a Local TensorFlow Model

@Service
public class ModelLoader {

    private final TensorFlowModel model;

    public ModelLoader(TensorFlowModel model) {
        this.model = model;
    }

    public void load() {
        model.load("classpath:models/my_model.pb");
        System.out.println("Model loaded successfully.");
    }
}

Perform Text Inference

Let’s say you’re building a content moderation service:

@Service
public class TextClassifier {

    private final TensorFlowModel model;

    public TextClassifier(TensorFlowModel model) {
        this.model = model;
    }

    public String classify(String inputText) {
        Object result = model.infer(inputText);
        return "Classification: " + result.toString();
    }
}

Image Recognition with Uploaded Files

@Service
public class ImageService {

    private final TensorFlowModel model;

    public ImageService(TensorFlowModel model) {
        this.model = model;
    }

    public String recognize(MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
        byte[] bytes = file.getBytes();
        Object result = model.infer(bytes);
        return "Image Result: " + result.toString();
    }
}

Advanced Features

Multi-threading and Performance Tuning

# Enable thread pool for parallel inference
spring.ai.tensorflow.thread-pool.size=8

# Enable caching for repeated predictions
spring.ai.tensorflow.cache.enabled=true

Versioned Model Management

You can define and switch between model versions easily:

spring.ai.tensorflow.model-version=1.0.0

public void switchModelVersion(String version) {
    model.setVersion(version);
    System.out.println("Now using version: " + version);
}

Monitoring and Logging

Enable runtime monitoring of model health and usage:

spring.ai.tensorflow.monitoring.enabled=true

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ModelMonitor.class);

public void logStatus() {
    logger.info("Model status: {}", model.getStatus());
}

Custom Extensions

Want to wrap your own logic? Extend the base model class:

@Component
public class CustomModel extends TensorFlowModel {

    public CustomModel(String path) {
        super(path);
    }

    public String customInference(Object input) {
        return "Result: " + infer(input).toString();
    }
}

Final Thoughts

Spring AI is still growing, but its promise is real: making AI integration in Java as seamless as REST endpoints or database queries.

If you're part of the Spring ecosystem and looking to bring machine learning into production, this framework deserves your attention. It handles the boilerplate so you can focus on the business logic — whether it's classifying images, responding to chat prompts, or detecting anomalies.

And just like with everything Spring — it’s designed with real-world developers in mind.