I will get MariaDB and Phpmyadmin running in a docker container. I will reuse folder setup and all files from previous recipe - 02.
Source files can be found here:

1. Modify docker-compose.yml file

Here I do several things:

2. Go to /var/www/docker-study.loc/recipe-03/docker/ and execute:

docker-compose up -d
I can go to:
myapp.loc/
- and still see phpinfo page
myapp.loc:8000
- see phpmyadmin, I can login using root/qwerty credentials

3. What if I need database to be up and running with some initial DB inside, and not empty?

This can be achieved by modifying
mariadb
section with:
command: "mysqld --init-file /data/application/init.sql"
and
volumes:
    - ./init.sql:/data/application/init.sql

4. After I have DB running, how to export/import DB?

To see list of containers and learn container id or name of mariadb container:
docker container ls
To import:
docker exec -i docker_mariadb_1 mysql -uroot -pqwerty DB_NAME < your_local_db_dump.sql
To export:
docker exec -i docker_mariadb_1 mysqldump -uroot -pqwerty DB_NAME > your_local_db_dump.sql